After you submit your summary, you will need to reload this page with your browser in order to see your contributions to the class project.

Date:

07 Sep 2003

Time:

19:34:26

Summary

Thales By Joann Smith Thales of Miletus was the Greek philosopher who is considered the first Western philosopher and a founder of geometry and abstract astronomy. He maintained that matter is composed of water and that the earth floated on water even Aristotle stated, "Thales . . . declared that the earth rests on water". Thales was considered the founder of the Milesian school of natural philosophy. He had an interest in almost all knowledge, from philosophy, history, science, mathematics engineering, geography, and politics. Thales looked for explanations of astral events, which traditionally had involved supernatural entities. He questioned celestial events, which brought about the beginning of Greek astronomy. He viewed the soul as a possible cause of movement, because a stone (magnet) has a soul because it causes iron to move (Fairbanks 2001). Although the reason is not known Thales turned away from the established beliefs that the Olympian gods controlled the destiny of men and natural events. Thales looked for natural explanations of phenomena from observation and reasoning. Thales is also considered to have discovered the seasons of the year and divided it into 365 days, but this is also a fact that had been known by the Egyptians. Thales natural curiosity and his search for knowledge was the first to look for the natural explanation of events (O'Conner & Robertson). Reference 1. Fairbanks Arthur.(ED.). (2001). Thales Fragments and Commentary. Retrieved September 6, 2003 from http://history.hanover.edu/texts/presoc/thales.htm 2. O'Connor JJ. & Robertson EF Thales of Miletus. Retrieved September 6, 2003 from http://www.history mcs.standrews.ac.uk/history/Mathematicians/Thales.html

Date:

07 Sep 2003

Time:

23:52:38

Summary

Thales--Becky Thales is the first person we know about to have explanations of natural phenomena. The theories he held were exciting, new, and bold. Unlike Heraclitus, Thales did not speak in riddles. The theories of Thales could not be refuted. There were attempts however, to discredit these theories. Thales made hypotheses that were both scientific and rational. He was acknowledged by Aristotle as the first philosopher. Some of the most outstanding aspects of him are, his search for knowledge for his own sake, development of the scientific method, adoption of practical methods, and many others. During the 6th century BCE, Thales proposed the question, “What is the basic material of the cosmos?” For Thales, the primary principle is water. Water is the nature, the originating principle. Thales of Miletus. Internet Encyclopedia of Psychology http://www.utm.edu/research/iep/t/thales.htm Retrieved September 7, 2003.

Date:

08 Sep 2003

Time:

00:35:59

Summary

Parmenides by Anna Beth Jones. Parmenides was a Greek philosopher and poet who believed that all change was an illusion. He thought that knowledge was attained only through rational thought because sensory experience provides only illusion. Parmenides was born in Italy about 510 B.C. He was well liked and held in high esteem by the citizens of his town. He was much concerned about reason, truth and illusion. He would often ponder the thought of “If it is, it simply is, and it could not be more or less.” He also stated that thought and language require objects outside themselves. Zeno of Elea one of Parmenides disciples used logical arguments to prove that motion was nothing but an illusion. This reasoning is known as Zeno’s Paradox. An example of this would be if two runners were running against each other and the first runner is allowed to leave before the second runner, the second runner could never catch up to the first runner, no matter how fast he or she is. Parmenides and Zeno concluded that either mathematics, reason and logic were all correct or the information by the senses were decided on by logic, mathematics and reason. References 1. Hergenhahn. (4th ED). (2001). An Introduction to the History of Psychology. Retrieved September 6, 2003. 2. Parmenides b.510 BCE. The Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy. (2001). http://www.utm.edu/research/iep/p/parmenid.htm Retrieved September 6, 2003.

Date:

08 Sep 2003

Time:

12:45:20

Summary

Robbin Cox 9-8-03 Anaximander (610ca.-546BC). He was a Greek philosopher and a studied under Thales, one of the first philosphers. His idea was that stars were fixed on a crystalline shere rotating around the earth. He thought the earth to be a cylindrical with the diameter three times in height, and the center of the universe. "He made a first attempt to offer a detailed explanation of all aspects of nature."1 He argued that with the complexity everything must have came from more than water.He visualized the mystic "unbounded" or "indefinite" as the "first principle" which was both the source and desstination of all things.1 "He also had a theory of the relationship of earth to the heavenly bodies, important to the history of astronomy."1 Reference Weisstein, Eric (2002)Wolfram Research. Retrieved September 8,2003 from http://scienceworld.wolfram.com/biography/Anaximander.html

Date:

08 Sep 2003

Time:

20:45:49

Summary

Democritus: By Beth Martin Democrtius of Abdera is well known for his atomic theory. He was born in 460 BC and lived to an astonishing age of 90! By the time of his death, Democritus wrote 70 books but sadly none of them have survived. Democritus, along with his professor Leucippus, questioned the idea that everything is one. He believed in the concept of atomic theory and therefore brought for the idea of atoms. Atoms in which we use and know of them today, and still they are presented to students in the same form that Democritus presented to the world. Democritus said, “ Space is a receptacle for stationary and moving objects, which can as well be completely empty” (Conner, 1). They used this idea to then create their theory on the atom. This theory has so many uses in our everyday lives. He not only affected psychology in this discovery but also this theory effects how we study life in general. Twenty Centuries later, Sir Isaac Newton was able to base his work on what Democritus has already discovered. He was able to then question atomic theory and take it to an even further level. Physics and Chemistry were forever changed and bettered due to the work by these men. Democritus showed the world that any thing that happens in nature is a direct product of atomic collision. Sites: www.thebigview.com/greeks/democritus www.gap.dcs.st-and.ac.uk/~history/mathematicians/democritus.htlm

Date:

08 Sep 2003

Time:

22:43:02

Summary

Parmenides by Serritta Smith. Parmenides was a Greek philosopher and poet who was born about BCE. 510 in Elea of Lower Italy. Parmenides founded Eleaticism, which was one of the leading pre- Socratic schools of Greek thought. Parmenides was often looked up to because of his great ability to legislate and his ideal lifestyle. A "parmenidean life" was commonly spoken among his peers. Parmenides thought that there was no one way that our senses could interpret one single, coherent story about what is real. Therefore, it is just an opinion, and not the truth. In order to find the truth, all information must be drawn from the mind only and this information can not be contaminated by sensory information. Parmenides added to the Heraclitean analysis of "appearance and reality". Parmenides revealed the difference between "a priori" and "a posteriori". A priori information is what can be acquired by plain reasoning. All genuine knowledge is a priori. A posteriori information depends on some perceptual experience, which are matters of belief(Dye,1998). Parmenides had only one three-part verse composition titled On Nature. On Nature has few surviving parts, which are used for reconstruction of the Poem. Refrence 1.Parmenides b. 510 BCE. The Internet Encyclopedia oa Philosophy. (2001). Retrieved September 9,2003. from http://www.utm.edu/research/iep/p/parmenid.htm 2. Dye, J. (1998). Heraclitus & Parmenides. Retrieved September 9,2003 from www.Soci.nui.edu/~phildept/Dye/Heraclitus&parmenides.html

Date:

08 Sep 2003

Time:

22:55:13

Summary

Alcmaeon by Liz Rau. Alcmaeon was one of the first to move away from temple medicine and focus more on rational, naturalistic medicine. He says that a balance of certain qualities, for example warm and cold, resulted in equal health. If one of those qualities dominates over the others, sickness overcomes a person's system. Alcmaeon states that the physician's job is to help the patient regain a lost of equilibrium. Then the person would be able to regain their health. Alcmaeon was the first person to dissect a human body. The most important thing that he discovered doing the dissections was that the brain was connected to the sense organs. His great importance really lie in the fact that he is the founder of empirical psychology. Basically it meant that he called the brain the common sensorium, which he confirmed when he dissected human bodies. Alcmaeon's theory of health of health is "isonomy" is at once that which most clearly connects hime with earlier inquirers like Anaximander, and also that which had the greatest influence on the subsequent development of philosophy. Reference site http://plato.evansville.edu/public/burnet/ch4c.htm

Date:

09 Sep 2003

Time:

09:15:51

Summary

Heraclitus of Ephesus By Amy Polly Heraclitus of Ephesus was one of many, pre-Socratic Greek philosphers. He was the first Western philospher to go beyond physical theory in search of metaphysical foundations and moral applications. Heraclitus disagreed with Thales, Anaximander, and Pythagoras about the nature of the ultimate substance. He claimed instead that everything is derived from the Greek Classical Element fire, rather than from air, water, or earth. This led to the belief that change is real, and stability illusory. For Heraclitus "everything is in Flux." According to both Plato and Aristotle, Heraclitus held extreme views that led to logical incoherence. For he held that (1)everything is constantly changing and (2) opposite things are identical, so that (3) everything is and is not at the same time. Heraclitus' criticisms and metaphysical speculations are grounded in a physical theory. He expresses the principle of his cosmology in a single sentence. "This world-order, the same of all, no god nor man did create, but it ever was and is and will be: everliving fire, kindling in measures and being quenched in measures (22B30)." Reference 1. Wikipedia Free Encyclopedia (2003). Heraclitus of Ephesus. Retrieved September 6, 2003 from http://wikipedia.org/wiki/Heraclitus 2. Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy (2003). Heraclitus. Retrieved September 6, 2003 from http://www.utm.edu/research/iep/h/heraclit.htm

Date:

09 Sep 2003

Time:

09:33:06

Summary

Heraclitus versus Parmenides By Amy Polly Heraclitus' view that an explanation of change was foundational to any theory of nature was opposed by Parmenides, who argued that change is an illusion and that everything is fundamentally static. Parmenides also argued that the existence of a thing implied that it could not have "come into being" because "nothing comes from nothing." For him and his pupils the phenomena of movement and change are simply apperances of a static, eternal reality. Heraclitus believed that change is real, and stability illusory. For Heraclitus everything is flux. He is famous for saying: "No man can cross the same river twice, because neither the man nor the river are the same." Reference 1. Wikipedia Free Encyclopedia (2003). Heraclitus of Ephesus. Retrieved September 6, 2003 from http:// www.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heraclitus 2. Wikipedia Free Encyclopedia (2003). Parmenides of Elea. Retrieved September 6, 2003 from http://www.wikipedia.org

Date:

09 Sep 2003

Time:

11:31:57

Summary

September 9, 2003 Anaximander was the son of Praxiades and a citizen of Miletus where he was an associate of Thales. Although the book has been lost, we know that he was the first who ventured to write a treatise in prose. Only a fragment of the book has survived and it is a topic of controversy in regards to interpretation. It is also belived that Anamimander made the first map of the world, however this map has been lost as well. In actuality, very little is known about Anaximander’s life. However, it has been speculated that he founded a colony called Apollonia on the coast of the Black Sea and that he is responsible for a perpendicular sun-dial known as a gnomon. Evidence of these gnomons can be found in Greece and in Sparta. Anaximander was also somewhat of an astronomer, however he did not practice observational astronomy but speculative astronomy. There are three propositions that make up the core of Anaximander’s astronomical ideas. These propositions were a big step forward and could be credited with the origin of our western concept of the universe. Anaximander also had an interesting idea of human creation that seems related to Darwin’s theory of evolution. He belived that the first living creators were a kind of fish that originated from the moisture that surrounded the Earth. He felt that the first humans were formed inside these fish and were nurtured like baby sharks until they were strong enough to be turned out on land. Perhaps the most doumented piece of Anaximander’s life is his theory of the Boundless as the principle. A statement from Dr. Dirk Couprie on this issue is as follows, “The important, thing is, however, that he did not just utter apodictic statements, but also tried to give arguments. This is what makes him the first philospher.”. Couprie, Dr. Dirk L. (2001). Anaximander (c.610-546 BCE). The Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy. Retrieved September 5, 2003, from http://www.utm.edu/research/iep/a/anaximan.htm Crystal Cornett Psy 461

Date:

09 Sep 2003

Time:

12:07:51

Summary

Heraclitus by Brent Gray, Heraclitus was a substantial bright light to the philosophers of the Greek era. Even though his ideas and theories of the time were thought wrong by some of his most noted constituants, such as Anaximander, Thales, Pythagoras, and Paramenides. His ideas as we look back on them today follow along with what I believe to be true today about religion, ethics and, politics. Heraclitus believed that all of this things were connected by a strand of life, or soul that we believe in today. The aforementioned Greeek philosophers believed in the religion of the time that life could be described by the four earthly elements water, earth, air, and fire. This being taught to them from a very early age. Heraclitus was the first to take this a step further and describe life only from the element fire and what a great analogy it was. Heraclitus wrote "that being alive and being dead are opposite states, between which the individuals soul naturally alternates". This to me is that Heraclitus believes in reincarnation, that if the soul is alternating between the two than life itself has too be fluxuating between reality and alternate reality. He goes on to write that "Just as the cosmic fire, though 'ever living', naturally alternates between states of 'being kindled'and 'being quenched'". This notion of life and death holding together could explain the three main assumptions of his teachings that:every thing is always changing, everything is and is not at the same time and that opposites are identical. The latter to me is the most important Heraclitus is describing what is known as the circle of life or that life and death are connected by a singular strand and you can not have one without the other. In doing this research Heraclitus may have become my favorite Greek philosopher he may be best known for coining the term philosophos and that prominance should be given to the logos or community. But I think we should look more into his beliefs of life , death ,and religion are connected into the basis of who we are. So when we try to separate ethics and politics from religion we are fighting an inner battle with our inner fire, our soul. Reference 1. Granger, Herbert. (Jul 2000). Deaths Other Kingdom: Heraclitus on the Life of the Foolish and the Wise. Retrieved Sept 10, 2003 from http://www.kyvl.org/ Reference 2. Adomenas, Mantas. (May 99). Heraclitus on Religion. Retreived Sept 10, 2003 from http://kyvl.org/ Reference 3. Hussey, Edward. (Oct 91). Heraclitus on Living and Dying. Retreived Sept 10, 2003 from http://www.kyvl.org/ I can't get the computer to underline!

Date:

09 Sep 2003

Time:

16:16:16

Summary

Alcmaeon By Kimberly Jo Miracle Alcmaeon of Croton (500 BC) focused on naturalistic medicine. He helped to get rid of superstition and magic that had thus far been an important aspect of the healing process. Our text states Alcmaeon believed health came from a balance of qualities and if one or more qualities dominated illness would result (Hergenhahn 2001). According to Vassilis Vassilikos, it was Alcmaeon who “introduced to Western thought the Chinese concepts of yin and yang {represented by the Tai Chi or yin yang symbol} when he spoke of humankind’s essential duality and claimed that the unitary state, with no counter-balance, is a cause of sickness” (1992). Alcmaeon felt a physician’s job was to find the source of imbalance or disequilibrium and restore harmony within the body. This idea of balancing the forces within one’s body can be seen in several types of healing branching from traditional Chinese practices, such as Tai Chi and yoga. If you are interested in an in-depth study on Alcmaeon, visit http://www.science.uva.nl/~seop/entries/alcmaeon/#Life or do a search using “Alcmaeon of Croton”. References Vassilikos, V. (1992, July-August). A golden age of dialogue. (Pre-Socratic philosophy). UNESCO Courier, 56(5). http://www.unesco.org Hergenhahn, B. (2001). An Introduction to the History of Psychology. (4th edition) Wadsworth.

Date:

09 Sep 2003

Time:

17:44:38

Summary

Empedocles, a Greek philosopher, scientist and healer who lived in Sicily in the fifth century B.C., all matter is comprised of four "roots" or elements of earth, air, fire and water. Empedocles explains the nature of the universe through the interaction of two governing principles, Love and Strife.(Marks, 2001). Empedocles has a moral dimension for his argument of Love and Strife, by associating Love with good and Strife with evil. The four elements seem to reflect, not only material, but "spiritual" forces, facets of the human being. This has psychological merit to the possibility of the human being and their various personality types. The reference that will be used is Carl Jung, one of the founders of modern psychology, studied mystical literature and alchemy. It seems that Jung concluded his conception of intuition, sensation, thinking and feeling as the four basic archetypes (components) of personality seems to be clearly linked to some form, or derivation of Empedocles' ancient theories about fire, earth, air and water. Jung focused on on the polarities of introversion (directing one's attention inward towards thoughts, feelings, and awareness) and extroversion (directing one's energy outward toward awareness of people, actions and external objects), combining each polarity with predominances in thinking, feeling, sensing and intuiting, to develop eight basic personality types. Empedocles' philosophy seems to have been studied and used by psychology as the example above states. Empedocles explained that the two living forces in the universe, Love and Strife which is primal to human interaction. Forces of Love (good) and forces of Strife (evil) are key elements in certain psychological theory. Empedocles was also a teacher of the new religion which sought to secure release from the "wheel of birth" by purity and abstinence. Empedocles is a man given to great "perception" and insight to the core nature of man/woman. This man thought himself to be a god and it looked like he was trying to think like one too, Empedocles, brought a gentle force of thought to Love and Strife, and the cause and consequence of both. Vickie Jones

Date:

09 Sep 2003

Time:

19:23:21

Summary

Thales by Tami Blanton. Thales was a Greek philosopher from Miletus, Asia Minor. Being the founder or another words the Godfather of Greek philosophy, he was one of the Seven Wise Men of Greece. He was known for his knowledge of astronomy. He had predicted the eclipse of the sun that occurred May 28, 585 bc. Geometry was also introduced by him in Greece. "According to Thales, the original principle of all things is water, from whcih everything proceeds and into which everything is again resolved." Thales explanation of the word was a myth and his cocentration of physical substance marks the birth of scientific thought. Thales left no writhings; knowledge of Thales is derived from an acdount in Aristotles's Metaphycsics. Thales was interested in every level of being knowledgeable. Thales was thought of discovering the seasons of the the year which I found to be interesting. Thales of Miletus. Reference 1. Funk and Wagnalls New World Encyclopedia. Retrieved 9/9/03 from http://www.kyvl.org

Date:

09 Sep 2003

Time:

19:38:09

Summary

Heraclitus was a late 6th Century BCE philosopher who was criticized by his contemporaries but in turn criticized their ideas and theories. Heraclitus lived in Ephesus, not far from Miletus, the birthplace of philosophy. Heraclitus theorized that opposites are necessary for life, but they are unified in a system of balanced exchanges, and that the world itself consists of law-like interchange of elements, symbolized by fire (Internet Encyclopedia, IE). Heraclitus assumed fire to be the physis because in teh presence of fire everything is transformed into something else (Hergenhan 2001). Heraclitus raised and epistemological question that has persisted to this day: How can something be known if it is constantly changing (Hergenhan 2001)? This question is a relevant basis for Heraclitus' well known statement that "On those stepping into rivers staying the same other and other waters flow" (IE). Heraclitus' belief that everything is ever changing can be applied to the phyiscal state of earth and beings, but was also related to the mental state of beings. How can the mental state of one be fully known when everything is ever changing? This addresses the aspect that the history of psychology is important because methods and theories will change with the changing physical and mental state of being. Plato and Aristotle believed that Heraclitus held extreme vies that led to logical incoherence (IE). Charlissa Harris

Date:

09 Sep 2003

Time:

19:42:32

Summary

Charlissa Harris Addendum: References 1.)Internet Encycopedia of Philosophy (2003). http://www.utm.edu/utm.edu/research/iep/h/heraclit.htm 2.)An Introduction to the History of Psychology (2001)(4th ED).

Date:

09 Sep 2003

Time:

19:49:18

Summary

Gorgias was born in 483 bc in a small town by the name of Leontini which is located on the island of Sicily. It is thought that Gorgias lived to be more than 100 years old. He was sent to Athens as an ambassador and was known as a great orator, or a talker. He made really great money talking about and teaching rhetoric. Gorgias was known as a sophist. Sophists where usually very smart individuals who made a really good living by charging people to listen to what they had to say. Gorgias didn’t have a family and usually traveled from town to town, and city-to-city so he never really had to pay taxes. Rhetoric as Gorgias taught it was that 1. Nothing exists 2. Anything that does exist, it cannot be known 3. if it can be known, the knowledge of it cannot be communicated. Gorgias argued that only beings exist, and becoming is not at all. Beings must have a beginning either from being or non-being. The movement of Sophism began around the 5th century bc when a group of teachers, speakers and philosophers who were paid to use rhetoric. Sophists where not theoretical in thinking but practical. There were just teachers of rhetoric. FruityThomas

Date:

09 Sep 2003

Time:

19:49:34

Summary

Amy Johnson Parmenides was a philosopher and a poet, born in Lower Italy, in 510 BCE. Parmenides focused his study on the fact that be believed all change was an illusion. He believed that knowledge is attained only through rational thoughts because sensory experience provides only an illusion. Parmenides states “When you think of something; when you use a name, it must be of something. Therefore both thought and language require objects outside themselves…” In short if you are able to have a conversation about an actual object or you are able to name an object it truly exist. On the other hand if there is not an actual object then it is just an illusion created. He also believed that once an object exist it cannot be changed, if the object is changed it never truly existed. Just as an apple juice bottle. If the bottle is dropped and broken, then it never truly existed. Parmenides was also well known for the representative of the Eleatic philosophy, which was developed by his disciple Zeno. Parmenides was known for his poem On Nature, which consisted of nothing but fragments. He was not the greatest poet but his work ascended to the home of the goddess who spoke the remainder of his verses. Parmenides believed that there is one reality; it is finite, uniform, motionless, and fixed and can be understood only through reason. Sources: Hergenhahn. (4th ED). (2001). An Introduction to the History of Psychology. Parmenides b.510 BCE. The Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy. (2001). http://www.utm.edu/research/iep/p/parmenid.htm

Date:

09 Sep 2003

Time:

20:48:38

Summary

Mary Beth Spurlock Protagoras (ca. 485-415 B.C.) After doing some research on this ancient Greek philosopher I have decided that he could be called the “father of agnosticism.” Protagoras held the position that no one could prove whether the gods exist or not. This idea led to his exile from Athens and the burning of his books. Protagoras was an expert on rhetoric and debate and was a member of a group known as the Older Sophists, a group of traveling intellectuals and teachers. Protagoras was famous for being able to take the weaker argument in a debate and make it appear to be the strongest. If Protagoras had lived today he may have been hired to be a presidential speech writer because he was fascinated by orthopaedia the study of the correct usage of words. I think this relates to psychology because he knew that our thought and ideas could be influenced by the art of persuasion. If he were alive today he would possibly be a lawyer. Protagoras also believed that nothing is necessarily true or false or good or evil. Reasoning that each person is different and what might be good for one person could be bad for another and what is truth to one person could be false for another. He is known for his statement that “man is the measure of all things.” I think these ideas relate to our understanding of psychology today as we see people as individuals who have unique backgrounds and experiences that must be explored in the counseling situation. As psychologists we know that no two people are alike and there is no certain technique, format, or answer that can be used in counseling. If Protagoras were alive today he would also probably be considered a humanitarian. For in later years, Plato wrote that Protagoras believed that crime should be punished so that it will not happen again not out of revenge. Protagoras was formally charged with atheism in Athens and drowned while fleeing to Sicily. Works Cited Poster, Carol. Protagoras. (2002). Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy. <http://www.utm.edu/research/iep/p/protagor.htm> (2003, Sept. 8). Sandels, Victoria. (2003). Protagoras. <http://www.in2greece.com/english/historymyth/history/ancient/protagoras.htm> (2003, Sept. 8).

Date:

09 Sep 2003

Time:

22:41:54

Summary

Democritius: By Lisa Mills Democritius was born in 460 BC in Abdera, Greece and lived to be 90 years old.At the time of his death he had written approximately 70 books. But, none of these books still remain intact but great deal of what he said has survived. Democritius was well known for his atomic theory. Democritius and his professor Leucippus, questioned the idea that everything is one. Democritius believed in the concept of atomic theory. Twenty Centuries later, Sir Issac Newton was able to put his work together on what Democritius had already discovered. Chemistry and Physics was taken to higher level. Due to the achievements of Democritius, Newton, and Leucippus. Yet, the atom theory remains one of the most amazing intellectual accomplishment of the antiquilty due to democritius. Retrieved September 9, 2003 from www.thebigview.com/greeks/democritius

Date:

09 Sep 2003

Time:

22:52:25

Summary

Protagoras (ca. 485-415 B.C.) --Bethany Slone Protagoras was from Abdera and was a contemporary of Socrates. He was one of the first Sophist. He lectured that people became good citizens not by obedience to authority but by learning what is “just and right”. He believed that people learned on their own will, and nothing was right or wrong, good or bad. He has been quoted by Plato with his famous statement: “Of all things the measure is man, of things that are, that they are, and of things that are not, that they are not.” Protagoras meant that everyone has his/her own opinion, and what may be true for one person may not be for another. During the Great Peloponnesian War, city officials made guidelines as to what may be taught. Protagoras opposed to this and read aloud from one of his books and claimed that “gods were the figments of people's imaginations.” Officials put him on trail and had the first known book burning. Protagoras was sent into exile, and was said to be lost or drowned at sea. What we know about Protagoras’ writings comes from the writings of other philosophers, because all of his work has been destroyed through time. Many philosophers have quoted Protagoras throughout the years. Some of his quotes include, “There are two sides to everything,” and “Everything is relative.” Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy. (2003). <http://www.utm.edu/research/iep/p/protagor.htm (Sept. 2003 8).

Date:

10 Sep 2003

Time:

10:16:57

Summary

Gorgias - by: Judy Ball Gorgias of Leontin (c.483-376B.C.) was a Greek Sophist. He devoted himself to revealing the power of logos and the value of artistic form in prose speech. He advocated poetic words, metaphors, coinages, figures, and musical effects. He professed not to teach virtue, butr the art of persuasion. He maintained three theses: that nothing exists that if anything exists, it is unknowable that if anything can be known, the knowledge cannot be communicated by language. Gorgias, as the founder of artistic prose, made the teaching of style an essential part of rhetoric.

Date:

10 Sep 2003

Time:

10:26:12

Summary

COMMENT ON THALES: BY: JUDY BALL I found it so interesting that Thales seemed to think that everything is full of God. He thought that the soul was the cause of movement. And, it amazed me that he thought, therefore, that even a stone, magnet, or stone had a soul because it had movement. I thought while reading an article on him, "How could someone so smart, actually believe that a material object could have a soul?"

Date:

10 Sep 2003

Time:

10:54:14

Summary

Xenophanes by Jessica Peace Urgelles Xenophanes lived from c.570–c.480 B.C., he was a pre-Socratic Greek philosopher of Colophon. He was thought by some to be the founder of the Eleatic school. Xenophanes greatly opposed polytheism, and the anthropomorphic representation of the gods common to the Greeks. He asserted there is only one god, eternal and immutable but intimately connected with the world. Many believed that he developed the early ideas of Christian thought and mained God was not a humanized being. He taught in the Pythagorean school, and often opposed the views Epimenides, Thales, and Pythagoras. He held the highest chair in philosophy for nearly 70 years and eventually died around the age of 110. References http://history.hanover.edu/texts/presoc/xenophan.htm Xenophanes Fragments and Commentary Arthur Fairbanks, ed. and trans. The First Philosophers of Greece (London: K. Paul, Trench, Trubner, 1898), 65-85.

Date:

30 Mar 2004

Time:

09:50:15

Summary

Date:

01 Apr 2004

Time:

22:04:07

Summary

Dear to whom ever this may concern, I need to find some info. PLEASE HELP ME!!! You will not seem to answer any of my requests. ( YOU NEED MORE INFO ON THIS WEBSITE OF YOURS!)

Date:

01 Apr 2004

Time:

22:05:06

Summary

THIS WEBSITE SUCKS!!!!!!!!!!!!

Date:

01 Apr 2004

Time:

22:07:22

Summary

HEY YO! SUP? I WAZ JUST WANTIN' 2 KNOW DO U HAVE ANY INFO ON THE GREEKS? GET BACK 2 ME HOMEYZ!!!!!

Date:

20 Apr 2004

Time:

11:10:58

Summary

I think that this website sucks

Date:

22 Apr 2004

Time:

08:53:43

Summary

Date:

23 Aug 2004

Time:

00:51:40

Summary

thales idea to the primal element

Date:

23 Aug 2004

Time:

00:51:43

Summary

thales idea to the primal element

Date:

03 Dec 2004

Time:

11:04:40

Summary

Date:

03 Dec 2004

Time:

11:05:03

Summary

Date:

10 Dec 2004

Time:

03:50:20

Summary

being and becoming human

Date:

12 Jan 2005

Time:

14:01:44

Summary

Geography

Date:

13 Apr 2005

Time:

16:48:03

Summary

Date:

13 Apr 2005

Time:

16:48:38

Summary

THALES

Date:

07 Jun 2005

Time:

15:46:03

Summary

anaximander

Date:

07 Jun 2005

Time:

15:46:32

Summary

the biography and contributions of anaximander

Date:

04 Oct 2005

Time:

20:32:48

Summary

W.S.O Lower Bottom !700 Block

Date:

19 Nov 2005

Time:

17:39:21

Summary

i love sex

Date:

19 Nov 2005

Time:

17:41:18

Summary

batwoman321@yahoo.com

Date:

04 Jun 2006

Time:

07:17:26

Summary

Date:

28 Aug 2006

Time:

13:08:50

Summary

Democritus By Tiffany Youngblood Democritus, a greek pilosopher born in 460 BCE of Abdera, belived that all living things were composed of atoms. He belived that atoms were composed of exactly the same type of matter, but that they were each a different size and weight. Democritus also belived that the constant motion of atoms explained the creation of the world. He held that the heavier atoms formed the earth while the lighter ones formed the heavenly bodies. Democritus was supposedly mad because he laughed at almost everything. He was sent to Hippocrates in order to be cured. Hippocrates told Democritus that he was not mad, but just had a very happy deposition. Democritus had a certain ability to make people belive that he was capable of seeing into future events. People belived him to be somthing more than a mortal.

Date:

01 Nov 2006

Time:

20:00:09

Summary

Date:

01 Nov 2006

Time:

20:24:17

Summary

Date:

15 May 2007

Time:

21:12:48

Summary

Date:

15 May 2007

Time:

21:14:48

Summary

hi today i'm asking you to tell me who was the considered the early greeks

Date:

21 May 2008

Time:

15:45:39

Summary

HI IM

Date:

06 Oct 2008

Time:

17:15:04

Summary

wtf??